Precise Treatment for Diabetes Mellitus

As a chronic disease, diabetes mellitus (DM) causes hyperglycemia, complications, reduced quality of life, and increased mortality. It is estimated that 1 out of 10 adults in Indonesia are diagnosed with diabetes, and 25% of the Indonesian population with diabetes are under 45 years old. Poor glycemic control in these young diabetic populations could cause life-threatening complications that can incur substantial medical costs and declining productivity, which eventually leads to increased economic burden.

Among such cases of diabetes are young onset type 2 DM and maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), which often have overlapping diagnoses albeit different mechanisms and treatments. MODY is a group of inherited disorders of non-autoimmune diabetes mellitus which usually present in adolescence or young adulthood. It is a rare type of diabetes that, unlike type 2 diabetes, is mostly familial and caused by a mutation in a single gene. Differential diagnosis between monogenic diabetes and T2DM is difficult with just clinical diagnosis.

To date, multiple distinct forms of MODY (MODY1-14) have been identified with varied clinical and genetic heterogeneity. The implementation of genetic testing is thus essential in order to differentiate the types, therapeutic approaches, risk, prognosis, and prevention of young-onset diabetes. This project is an observational prospective cohort study which aims to support the development of detection kits for MODY, with the hope of improving the quality of patient care through personalized treatments.

Vision

Improve the differential diagnosis of young-onset DM, to ensure better therapeutic intervention for those patients

Disease Target

Early-onset Diabetes Mellitus

Outcome

The short-term outcome includes epidemiology profile of MODY in Indonesia, diagnostic kit of known genes and modified recommendation of drugs used in Indonesia for the MODY population. In the long run, treatment guidelines as well as extensive risk factors follow up associated with the genetic testing results related to precision medicine could also be achieved for MODY and other types of DM.